The Network of Value Captures provides one of the most comprehensive frameworks for understanding football club management. Rather than viewing football clubs as organisations selling matches, Dolles and Söderman argue that clubs manage interconnected value captures involving teams, players, brands, facilities, merchandise, sponsors, media organisations, supporters, and communities.

For stadium and event managers, ISO20121:2024 offers a structured approach to embedding sustainability into everyday operations while maintaining financial viability and delivering positive stakeholder outcomes. The revised 2024 edition places greater emphasis on inclusivity, human rights, legacy impacts, stakeholder engagement, and continual improvement. Let’s apply it to sports stadia.

On July 14, 2024, the Copa América Final between Argentina and Colombia at Hard Rock Stadium in Miami Gardens, Florida, collapsed into severe operational chaos. Thousands of unticketed fans stormed the perimeter, breached security checkpoints, climbed air vents, and forced stadium management to delay kick-off by over 80 minutes. Applying Still’s DIM ICE model reveals how critical breakdowns across Design, Information, and Management caused systemic failure.

The Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) model is an industrial organisation framework used to analyse the relationship between market structure, firm behaviour (conduct), and economic results (performance). Applying the SCP framework to FIFA gives us an idea how an international governing body leverages a natural monopoly structure to shape strategic conduct and generate unprecedented financial results. Does the market structure influence FIFA’s conduct? (according to the theory)